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Learning & Development

Implemented work in learning design, curriculum development, digital learning systems and academic programs, alongside empirical studies of workforce learning.

Empirical Studies

Empirical Studies. Learning & Development.

Organizational Communication Resilience Under Key Actor Loss

Communication Resilience Stress Test Targeted loss vs 200 deterministic same count comparator draws EMPIRICAL RESULT 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 5 10 15 20 30 Actors removed Retained global efficiency What changes? Targeted loss Comparator mean Comparator p05 to p95 At 30 removals 20.3% of network actors TARGETED 0.8608 COMPARATOR 0.9917 Gap = 0.1309 Targeted result is below comparator p05 Structural communication access is more sensitive to key actor loss than to same count comparator loss under this operationalization.
Targeted versus random resilience stress test
From Enron Email Events to L&D Resilience Evidence A reproducible structural stress test pipeline with explicit claim boundaries 1 · ENRON HYPERGRAPH 148 actors 10,885 email events 26,914 incidences 2 · PROJECT NETWORK Undirected joint participation Deduplicate event members 2,583 simple edges 3 · BASELINE ACCESS Global efficiency 0.5601 Shortest path accessibility 4 · RANK ACTORS Intact network degree Static ranking No adaptive reranking 5 · TARGETED STRESS Remove top 5 / 10 / 15 / 20 / 30 actors Recompute retained efficiency 0.9735 → 0.8608 6 · COMPARATOR 200 SHA-256 ranked draws Same actor count at each k Mean + p05 / p95 7 · RESILIENCE EVIDENCE Compare targeted vs comparator Track widening gap 0.0243 → 0.1309 8 · L&D INTERPRETATION Use the structural signal to investigate succession, cross training, mentoring, documentation and communities of practice. Do not infer tacit knowledge, employee value, learning effectiveness or causal business impact from network position alone.
Communication resilience analysis workflow

Organizational communication resilience is evaluated using 148 actors and 10,885 timestamped email events from the Enron hypergraph. The analysis compares targeted removal of highly connected actors with random removal of the same number of actors to estimate how strongly potential information access depends on a small number of network positions.

The difference between targeted and random removal increases as more actors are removed and reaches 0.1309 at 30 removals. At every tested stress level, the targeted result remains below the fifth percentile of the random removal distribution. For Learning and Development, the result indicates where succession planning, cross training, mentoring, documentation or communities of practice may deserve closer investigation. Email connectivity is not treated as a direct measure of employee knowledge.

Data source: Enron temporal email hypergraph, XGI/Zenodo v0.1, DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21909507.
Empirical Studies. Learning & Development.

Employer Training Investment Capacity: A Longitudinal UK Study

UK employer training investment chart showing real spend per employee and derived training reach across comparable survey waves
Real training investment intensity and workforce reach
Reproducible Employer Skills Survey training-investment analysis workflow
Official data processing and L&D evidence workflow

The employer training analysis separates workforce reach from the amount of real training resource invested per employee. Comparable waves of the UK Employer Skills Survey from 2011 to 2024 show real spending per employee declining from £2,410 to £1,700, a reduction of 29.46%, while real spending per trainee declines by 38.69%.

Between 2022 and 2024, the derived ratio of trainees to employees rises from 60.22% to 62.85% while real spending per employee falls by 13.27%. Sector investment also differs substantially, ranging from £920 to £2,630 per employee in 2024. Wider participation under lower spending is therefore not interpreted as improved efficiency. Reach, resource intensity and learning outcomes remain separate questions.

Data source: UK Department for Education / Skills England, Employer Skills Survey 2024, Investment in Training official statistics.
Empirical Study · Learning & Development

Technology Skill Renewal Pressure: O*NET 2020 to 2026 on Learning and Development

Scientific summary of O*NET technology skill renewal pressure across 902 occupations, including Jaccard overlap and category sensitivity
Empirical finding: persistence, heterogeneity, and category sensitivity
Scientific workflow from O*NET 2020 and 2026 source files through source verification, normalization, Jaccard analysis, and sensitivity testing
Data processing: verified O*NET releases to bounded L&D evidence

Technology requirements change at different rates across occupations. O*NET version 25.1 from November 2020 is compared with the August 2026 O*NET 31.0 database to measure persistence, replacement and expansion in each occupation's software skill portfolio. After normalizing software names and restricting the longitudinal analysis to 902 occupation codes present in both files, the common code pair Jaccard value is 0.7016. The occupation level median is 0.6923. A total of 13.97% of occupations fall below 0.50, while 36.03% are at or above 0.75. The evidence therefore supports heterogeneous renewal pressure rather than one universal rate of skill obsolescence.

A second comparison uses broader O*NET software categories instead of exact product names. Category level overlap rises to 0.8169, indicating that part of the apparent turnover occurs within categories that remain comparatively stable. For Learning and Development, this distinction can help identify occupations where curriculum review or reskilling may be more urgent. It does not imply that worker competence declined at the same rate as database entries changed. Source files are pinned by row count and SHA-256 for reproducibility.

902 occupations Jaccard 0.7016 Median 0.6923 Category sensitivity 0.8169
Data source: O*NET 25.1 Technology Skills and O*NET 31.0 Software Skills, with matching Occupation Data used to verify common code titles. O*NET documents the Technology Skills → Software Skills schema transition.
Empirical Study · Learning & Development

Decision Value of Training Evidence: Reanalysis of the National Supported Work Experiment

Scientific summary of National Supported Work randomized training evidence showing the treated-control earnings effect, uncertainty intervals, and bootstrap threshold frontier
Empirical finding: randomized effect, uncertainty, and threshold frontier
Scientific workflow from pinned National Supported Work experimental records through validation, treatment-effect estimation, resampling, and decision-threshold sensitivity analysis
Data processing: pinned experiment to bounded L&D decision evidence

Training evaluation may show a positive intervention effect without resolving the decision threshold required for action. The analysis reexamines the Dehejia and Wahba RE74 subset of the randomized National Supported Work experiment, containing 185 treated participants and 260 randomized controls. Mean RE78 is 6,349.14 for the treated group and 4,554.80 for controls, giving a mean difference of 1,794.34 in historical 1982 US dollars. The large sample 95% interval is 479.19 to 3,109.50, the seeded bootstrap interval is 519.04 to 3,117.80, and a permutation diagnostic based on treatment labels gives p = 0.005899.

Statistical evidence is then separated from the decision rule by evaluating 41 illustrative minimum benefit thresholds from $0 to $4,000. At least 95% of bootstrap resamples exceed thresholds through $700, at least 50% exceed thresholds through $1,700, and 38.18% exceed a $2,000 threshold. A positive historical experimental effect therefore does not imply that every business threshold is satisfied. The frontier is presented as a sensitivity analysis, not as a modern return on investment estimate or a current dollar valuation.

445 participants Effect +$1,794.34 Bootstrap 95% $519 to $3,118 $2,000 exceedance 38.18%
Data source: Dehejia and Wahba RE74 subset of the randomized National Supported Work experiment. RE78 is documented as real 1978 earnings expressed in 1982 U.S. dollars; raw participant files are not redistributed and are pinned by source fingerprint for reproducibility.

Projects

Selected implementation work in corporate onboarding, digital health workflows, curriculum reform, laboratories, internships and academic quality.

Rocketversity Learning Management System project visual 2
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Project 01 · Enterprise Learning System

Rocketversity Learning Management System

Suitmedia · Internal LMS · Program lead

Suitmedia's onboarding and training content was scattered across departments with no central roadmap and substantial risk of duplication. I led a team of four to audit existing material, divide it into manageable learning units, remove unnecessary duplication, secure manager approval, load the finalized curriculum into Rocketversity, and assign trainers from the teams responsible for the content.

The roadmap was designed as a three year progression from content collection to internal onboarding and ultimately external paid training. During my tenure, 120 SCORM-compliant courses were established and around 100 employees were onboarded through the new structure. The project case study reports a 30% reduction in onboarding time. Rocketversity remained in operation after I left the role.

120 SCORM courses~100 employees onboarded30% reported onboarding reductionfour person build team
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Project 02 · Digital Health Learning Workflow

THRIVE OpenSRP

Program Manager · OpenSRP consortium collaboration · 2015

The project migrated standardized clinical intake forms used by Bidan and community health workers from paper into a mobile data capture workflow. As Program Manager, I directed four developers and six field data collectors across 16 districts, addressing both interrater inconsistency and severe XLSForm latency through interviews, a standardization protocol with the Lombok health department, form digitization, and a structured field timing study.

Baseline load times ranged from 20 seconds to 20 minutes, with some forms failing entirely. I compiled the evidence for consortium review and deployed an interim form decomposition solution that reduced most forms to under 10 seconds and a subset to under 5 seconds, while preserving the approved clinical content and supporting the case for a longer term rendering technology change.

4 developers6 field data collectors16 districts<10 sec after mitigation
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Project 03 · Practice Based Learning

ASTRA Lean Production System Lab

Institut Teknologi Del · Partnership with PT Astra

The ASTRA Lean Production System Lab was established to teach lean manufacturing through hands on learning grounded in Toyota Production System principles, including 5S, waste elimination (Muda), Build in Quality and pull systems. As part of the founding development team, I helped translate those concepts into practicum modules for students.

I also coordinated lab setup logistics, including budget planning, equipment procurement, and the MOU launch with Astra, connecting academic learning design with the physical learning environment required for experiential production systems education.

Lean manufacturing5SMudaPull systems
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Project 04 · Work Integrated Learning

Internship Manual for Engineering Management

Institut Teknologi Del · Program Coordinator & Principal Lecturer

I built and ran the Engineering Management internship program as a structured bridge between classroom theory and industry practice, with placements at companies including PT Pertamina, PT Astra Otoparts, GMF AeroAsia, and PT Petrokimia Gresik. The model combined a yearlong preparation phase, a dedicated handbook and CV workshops, a two month industry placement, and a final technical report and seminar.

The placement phase encouraged students to use methods such as Statistical Process Control and Value Stream Mapping in real industrial contexts. I managed the program for seven years, steered it through the COVID-19 period, expanded it to cover the EM IT Program, and the project record reports 93% of the 2017 cohort receiving an A grade.

7 yearstwo month placement93% A grade, 2017 cohort
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Project 05 · Academic Learning Architecture

Engineering Management Manual

Institut Teknologi Del · Academic reference system

The Engineering Management Academic Manual provides a common reference for students, faculty and administrative staff throughout the study program. It consolidates the study program's vision, mission, strategic objectives, graduate competency expectations, faculty information, facilities, and behavioral standards within the residential academic environment.

The manual also documents the 144 credit curriculum architecture and its alignment with ABET criteria, giving the program a single shared reference point for academic expectations, progression, and program governance.

144 SKS curriculumaligned with ABETStudents + faculty + staff
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Project 06 · Experiential Course Design

Entrepreneurship Course

Technopreneurship (TIS3001) · Institut Teknologi Del

The course was designed as a practical startup simulation rather than a theory focused entrepreneurship class. Student teams moved through Lean Startup cycles, rapid customer discovery, Business Model Canvas development, prototyping with tools such as Figma and Canva, and AARRR funnel metrics to test market hypotheses through Build Measure Learn iteration.

Project tracks were tailored to the disciplines represented across campus, connecting mobile and web product initiatives for software students with specialized technical innovation in other engineering programs.

Lean StartupBMCAARRR funnelBuild Measure Learn
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Project 07 · Curriculum Evaluation

Engineering Management Curriculum 2014 to 2019 Evaluation

Institut Teknologi Del · Rector mandated diagnostic review

The evaluation served as the diagnostic foundation for the next Engineering Management curriculum. It combined domain expert consultation, market trend analysis, graduate tracer data, alumni feedback, technology development tracking, and review against accreditation expectations including ABET criteria.

Operating under the Rector's mandate, the evaluation culminated in a formal Academic Senate presentation used to establish transition rules and secure institutional approval for the strategic updates that followed.

Expert inputTracer dataABET criteriaAcademic Senate
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Project 08 · Curriculum Architecture

New Engineering Management Curriculum 2019 to 2024

Institut Teknologi Del · Ten step institutional framework

The curriculum development framework began with a diagnostic phase: expert consultation on cognitive taxonomies and Industry 4.0, market needs assessment across automotive, FMCG, and technology organizations, graduate tracer studies, benchmarking against ASEM and ABET criteria, and an internal SWOT analysis of the existing course structure.

The synthesis phase converted those inputs into eight knowledge blocks forming a 144 credit, eight semester sequence. After peer review and Academic Senate approval, course equivalency matrices protected student progress, while the curriculum structure was configured in the Campus Information System and documented through bilingual diploma supplements.

10 step framework8 knowledge blocks144 credits8 semesters
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Project 09 · International Academic Pathway

Pre-Master Program with University of Amsterdam

IT Del, UvA partnership · Lead Faculty Lecturer, Strategy & Organization

The partnership created a preparation pathway for undergraduate engineering students from North Sumatra who intended to continue to European MSc study through a 15 credit (30 ECTS) sequence. Local faculty delivered foundational business and research topics, while advanced core modules were jointly taught through intensive on campus sessions with visiting UvA professors.

As Lead Faculty Lecturer for Strategy and Organization, I jointly managed curriculum design, integrated Sumatran commercial cases into global strategy frameworks, facilitated seminars, served on the joint candidate selection committee, and supported visiting faculty logistics and budget allocation. Modules used a double pass model requiring at least 5.5 in both individual exams and group project components.

15 credits / 30 ECTSUvA partnershipDouble pass assessment5.5 minimum
Logistics Competency Workshop project visual 1
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Project 10 · Competency Strategy

Workshop on the Role of Logistic Competencies

Curriculum strategy · Logistics education

The project developed an integrated blueprint for restructuring higher education logistics programs around AI-enabled supply chain networks. The strategy treats competitive advantage as a network problem, requiring coordinated movement of physical goods, capital, and data rather than isolated optimization of individual enterprises.

The framework bridges higher education regulation with KKNI and SKKNI standards, distinguishes logistics engineering and logistics management pathways, and integrates emerging technologies such as causal reinforcement learning, machine learning, and systems based risk management into future-oriented academic preparation.

KKNI / SKKNIAI-enabled supply chainsMLSystems risk
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Project 11 · Student Development

UGRAD Exchange Program to USA

Global UGRAD · Student mentoring & institutional support

Global UGRAD offers emerging student leaders a fully funded semester of non degree undergraduate study in the United States. My faculty support role focused on strengthening student readiness for the competitive selection process and coordinating the institutional support required for candidates.

The support model included endorsement meetings with university leadership, intensive mock interviews, targeted English proficiency preparation materials, and formal recommendation letters documenting candidates' academic performance and community leadership potential.

Mock interviewsEnglish preparationLeadership endorsementRecommendation letters
Engineering Management Accreditation project visual 1
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Project 12 · Quality Assurance

Accreditation of Engineering Management

BAN-PT · Secretary of Study Program & Accreditation Task Force Chair

Under the Dean's decree, I directed multi departmental accreditation work across preparation, the site visit and post evaluation. Responsibilities included coordinating and validating Buku IIIA, Buku IIIB, and the self evaluation book; authoring Standard 2 on governance and quality assurance; coauthoring Standard 5 on the 144 credit curriculum map; drafting the strategic plan; and serving as the operational liaison during field assessment.

After the audit, I coordinated refinement across 16 campus entities, embedded Plan Do Check Act monitoring into academic and support workflows, and worked with IT, library, maintenance, and learning infrastructure teams on continuous quality improvement. The process advanced the program through the SAPTO accreditation pipeline from desk assessment into field assessment.

3 core accreditation books16 campus entitiesPDCA / CQI144 credit map
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Project 13 · Capstone Learning Design

Capstone: Engineering Project Design & Business Feasibility

Institut Teknologi Del · Coauthor, lecturer & group advisor

As a coauthor of the 2018 capstone handbook, I helped develop a structured 17 week framework integrating technical engineering design with business feasibility and strategic planning. As an instructor, I led Idea Generation through market research, benchmarking, and ideation challenges, and taught functional and quality attribute design.

As a group advisor, I supervised student teams across the complete development workflow from early blueprinting and prototyping through technoeconomic evaluation and Business Model Canvas formulation, connecting engineering decisions with commercial viability.

17 week frameworkIdea generationPrototypingTechnoeconomic evaluation